Science World ISSN 1367-6172

In February 1997, I launched the monthly and later weekly journal Science World, ISSN 1367-6172. The image above is from the spoof news site http://www.theonion.com/content/node/28269 which says:

'Stephen Jay Gould Speaks Out Against Science Paparazzi' August 22, 2001 Issue 37•29:

'... According to Gould, paparazzi often use illegal means to secure photos for such notoriously disreputable tabloids as Science World Weekly and Starz, which bills itself as "your most trusted source for astronomy celebrity news."

'Exacerbating the situation is the fact that paparazzi photos often accompany stories that are inaccurate or outright libelous.

'"The tabloids make little effort to ground their stories in reality," Gould said. "A recent Science World Weekly story claimed I was starting a project in organic stereochemistry and conformational analysis, which is preposterous.

'Another tabloid recently ran a contest offering the winner a romantic evening carbon-dating fossils with me in my lab. I never agreed to any such contest." '

This is totally false, it was never published in Science World Weekly!

Improved introductory gravity material

Empirical evidence and proofs of heuristic mechanisms for a simple mechanism of continuum field theory (general relativity and Maxwell’s equations) and quantum field theory, including quantum mechanics

Objective: Using empirical facts, to prove mechanisms that make other predictions, allowing independent verification

General relativity and elementary particles
Quantum mechanics and electromagnetism
Quantum field theory and forces
Fact based predictions versus observations

By Hubble’s empirically defensible and scientifically accurate law, big bang has speed from 0 to c with spacetime [‘The views of space and time which I wish to lay before you have sprung from the soil of experimental physics, and therein lies their strength. They are radical. Henceforth space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.’ – Hermann Minkowski, 1908] of 0 toward 15 billion years, giving outward force of

F = ma = m.dv/dt = m(c - 0) / (age of universe) = mc/t ~ mcH = 7 x 10⁴³ Newtons.

Newton’s 3rd law tells us there is an equal inward force, which according to the possibilities implied by the Standard Model, must be carried by gauge bosons, which predicts gravity constant G to within 1.65 %. Proof.

A simplified version of the proof so that everyone with just basic maths and physics can understand it easily; for two separate rigorous and full accurate treatments see Proof.

The radiation hits a mass almost equally from all directions, coming from other masses in the universe. The radiation is reflected back the way it came if there is symmetry that prevents the mass from being moved. The result is then a mere compression of the mass by the amount mathematically predicted by general relativity, i.e., the radial contraction is by the small distance MG/(3c²) = 1.5 mm for the contraction of the spacetime fabric by the mass in the Earth.

If you are near a mass, it creates an asymmetry in the radiation exchange, because the radiation normally received from the distant masses in the universe is red-shifted by high speed recession, but the nearby mass is not receding significantly. By Newton’s 2nd law the outward force of a nearby mass which is not receding in spacetime from you is F = ma = mv/t = mv/(x/c) = mcv/x = 0. Hence by Newton’s 3rd law, the inward force of gauge bosons coming towards you from that mass is also zero; there is no action and so there is no reaction. As a result, the local mass shields you, creating an asymmetry. So you get pushed towards the shield. This is why apples fall.

The universe empirically looks similar in all directions around us: hence the net unshielded gravity force equal to the total inward force, F = ma ~ mcH, multiplied by the proportion of the shielded area of a spherical surface around the observer (see diagram). The surface area of the sphere with radius R (the average distance of the receding matter that is contributing to the inward gauge boson force) is 4 pi R². The ‘clever’ mathematical bit is that the shielding area of a local mass is projected on to this area by very simple geometry: the local mass of say the planet Earth, the centre of which is distance r from you, casts a ‘shadow’ (on the distance surface 4 pi R²) of its shielding area multiplied by the simple ratio (R/r)². This ratio is very big. Because R is a fixed distance as far as we are concerned for calculating the fall of an apple or the ‘attraction’ of a man to the Earth, the only significant variable is the 1/r² factor, which we all know is the Newtonian inverse square law of gravity. Varies as the inverse-square law. For two separate rigorous and full accurate treatments see Proof.

Final version of my internet site based physics book

The last (old) update (20 days ago) has been moved to:

http://feynman137.tripod.com/draft.htm

and similar /draft.htm extensions on other sites, in readiness for a final update to the main pages, for instance http://feynman137.tripod.com

But what is going to be the nature of the final update? I believe that the material http://feynman137.tripod.com/draft.htm in conjunction with some updates published at http://electrogravity.blogspot.com/ contains the framework necessary to produce a free online book, but that a complete re-write is necessary to include a better description of the existing quantum field theory and general relativity approaches.

One draft for the final free book, which I'm not happy with, has the contents layout that follows. However, the actual thing might be very different. I have a lot of draft sections written but the final assembly and illustrations has yet to be done.

Free online book synopsis

Empirical evidence and proofs of heuristic mechanisms for a simple mechanism of continuum field theory (general relativity and Maxwell’s equations) and quantum field theory, including quantum mechanics.

Objective

Using empirical facts, to prove mechanisms that make other predictions, allowing independent verification.

Theorems (click on the theorem to be taken to the demonstration)

1. An electron is trapped electromagnetic (Heaviside-Poynting) energy, giving Maxwell’s equations.

2. Maxwell’s ‘displacement current’ law is equivalent to Dirac’s and Schroedinger’s time-dependent equations, and all are statements of the energy exchange processes described by Feynman’s path integrals.

3. A random distribution of an even number N of electric charges of each sign in the universe constitutes ½ N vacuum dielectric capacitors, with two different vector sum voltage forces, the first force being weak and always attractive and the second being 10N/2 times stronger and either attractive/repulsive.

4. The vacuum polarisation shields the electron core charge by the 137 factor.

5. Energy exchange by vacuum matter particles and radiation give rise to inverse-square law forces with limited range and with infinite range, respectively.

6. Unification of forces occurs at high energy without SUSY (super-symmetry) because all vector boson energy is conserved, so unification naturally occurs where the polarised vacuum barrier breaks down.

7. There are three fundamental electric charges but only one fixed fundamental particle mass in the universe, and all observed masses are obtained by the shielding combinations through which charges couple to the mass particles in the polarised vacuum.

8. The cause for all fundamental forces, as well as the contraction term in relativity equations, is a physical resultant of the cosmological expansion so general relativity is a localised resultant effect of the surrounding expansion of the universe, and is not to be considered a model for that expansion.

9. The cause of the initial cosmological inflation and continuing expansion is the similar in mechanism to the way impacts between gas molecules cause recoil and a net expansion of gas in a balloon. At various times past the actual impact mechanisms included material impacts of fundamental particles, actual gas, real quantum radiation, and more recently just the net recoil from vector boson exchange.

10. There are six mathematically distinguishable space-time dimensions, three of which describe the non-expanding or even contracted materials and local space-time, and three describing the expanding the space-time universe. Time (non-random motion) and increasing entropy (net energy loss to space, hence the possibility of using energy in a non-equilibrium setting to do useful work) occur because cosmological expansion prohibits the establishment of an equilibrium and makes the winding down of the universe by heat death (uniform temperature) impossible.

Results and predictions

1. Maxwell’s equations, Schroedinger’s time-independent equation and atomic model
2. Schroedinger’s time-dependent law, Dirac’s equation and Feynman’s path integrals
3. The hierarchy of fundamental force strengths at all energies
4. The absolute strengths of fundamental forces
5. The strengths of all observable particle masses
6. The cosmological expansion rate and Pioneer space probe anomaly
7. Unification without SUSY
8. Use of quantum electrodynamics physics to predict the magnetic moment of an electron, without employing arbitrary renormalisation
9. Existing mathematical physics is generally correct but covers up the basis for a deep natural simplicity
10. The Wild West media is too chicken to tell you, owing science-religious fascism

Many prefer to treat science as a brand of religion and to dismiss empirically based facts as personal pet theories. (Instead, many believe in speculative ‘mainstream’ schemes.) Since 2004, updates, revisions and improvements have been published on the internet. From 1996-2004 they were published in technical journals. If you dismiss the facts because you want to call them a particular person’s pet theory, or because you have a religious style belief in a ‘mainstream’ political-style ‘theory’ like string speculation, you may be a fascist, but are not scientific.


Archive

Obsolete 1 April 2006 version of this page (contains links at end to an archive of previous versions): http://feynman137.tripod.com/draft.htm

Continuous (non-oscillatory) radiation and vector bosons

An electron radiates electromagnetic radiation transversely as it is accelerated. It is also contracted in the direction of motion, and gains mass.

If the electron's acceleration is centripetal motion, i.e, to orbit of a nucleus, the radiation would be expected to have a frequency equal to the frequency of oscillation of the electron from one side of the atom to the other and back again.

We 'know' that this model of Maxwell's light theory has serious problems. First, Planck's quantum theory contradicted Maxwell's classical theory. Light emerges from electrons in quantum jumps, not all the time, or so people were told a century ago.

Of course quantum field theory, as of 1949 the best, most accurately tested theory in history (mainly because it is easy to measure the magnetic moment of the electron very accurately), says that forces are caused by the exchange of radiation continuously.

So the real picture is that the electron is emitting radiation all the time, and receiving it all the time from other charges in the universe. This exchange is an analogy to - although not to be confused with - Prevost's mechanism whereby a constant temperature is an equilibrium between the emission and the reception of quantum radiation.

(Initially, people clinged on to caloric and phlogiston because they thought it was absurd - and contrary to Ockham's razor - that all bodies are cooling all the time by emitting radiant energy. The explanation that this is not normally noticed because people are - at constant temperature - receiving as much thermal energy from their surroundings as they radiate, was dismissed as an ad hoc fiddle. However, this is the correct explanation: it has enormous empirical support.)

Now we have to ask why the barrier remains between classical and quantum radiation theories. The classical theory of radiation can be interpreted quite naturally as the gauge boson exchange radiation which causes forces (including inertial and gravitational mass), while the quantum theory explains oscillatory radiations which induce electron motions, such as gamma radiation, visible light, and radio waves.

http://electrogravity.blogspot.com/2006/01/solution-to-problem-with-maxwells.html